杨广博士论文：服务业创新研究

论文题目:服务业创新研究
专业:企业管理
博士生:杨广
指导教师:李江帆（教授）

摘要

　　随着世界经济的发展，尤其是经济发展达到一定阶段后，第三产业比重会迅速上升，成为国民经济的主要组成部门，国家的创新活动主要来自于服务业领域的创新发展，国家竞争力的提升也主要来自于服务部门通过不断创新建立起来的全球市场的竞争力。因此，发达国都在积极寻求如何通过服务产业的创新政策来提高生产率，从而保持经济的持续增长。服务企业的管理者也在寻求推动企业快速发展和保持企业长期竞争优势的战略对策。在此背景下，国外开展了广泛的服务创新调查研究工作，并逐渐形成了比较完整的理论体系。与此同时，中国居民社会需求层次的不断上升和国际竞争的加剧也对中国服务业创新发展提出了更高的要求，但目前国内的服务创新研究还是以跟踪国外研究为主，对服务创新理论缺乏原创性的深入研究。
　　服务创新理论的兴起实际上是一场思维方式的变革运动，它的本质是对传统制造业创新研究范式的一种反动和批判。基于此，本文旨在对服务业创新理论进行系统研究，主要回答了以下问题：（1）服务业创新特性与模式是什么？服务创新与传统创新概念的区别在哪里？服务创新有哪些类型？服务创新如何测量，传统的研发、专利等测量指标在服务创新中的适用性如何？（2）服务业创新机理是什么？如何区分服务创新的驱动因素，这些因素对服务创新的作用机理又是如何？（3）服务创新与服务市场扩张发展的关系是怎样的？（4）中国服务业创新现状、障碍、对策？
　　本文通过理论与实证分析，明确了服务业创新的模式，并进一步探索服务业创新的驱动机理，探讨了影响服务业创新的驱动因素及服务创新对服务市场扩张的促进作用，进而研究了中国服务业创新的现状及障碍因素，并提出相应的建议。
　　本研究的主要结论如下：
　　服务业创新模式与制造业差别较大，服务创新是一种有别于传统制造业创新的一种创新形式，内涵较制造业创新丰富得多,从形式到内容都与制造业创新有较大差异，是一个较技术创新更为复杂的过程，包含了相当丰富的内部和外部交互作用。服务企业的创新通常并不是一个有序的过程，包含了许多即时性的想法去迎合具体顾客的需求，因此缺失依靠不断积累的知识来构建创新组织模式的系统，其产品的非实物性决定了其产出比制造业部门更加抽象，因此测量服务创新的指标可能非常主观和随意。
　　对服务业创新驱动机理分析表明：以产品创新和过程创新指标衡量，制造业创新率比服务也高，两大行业都随企业规模的扩大其创新比例逐步提高，而在服务业各行业中，金融中介行业创新率最高，甚至高于制造业。而以组织创新和营销创新指标衡量，服务企业有更高的创新率。在创新的知识产权保护比较中，制造企业和服务企业最多的选择都是注册商标，但服务企业为保护创新而注册专利的比例远低于制造业，一些行业如房地产企业申请版权的比例要高于制造业。
　　从服务贸易发展的视角分析服务创新与服务市场扩张的关系。服务创新主要表现为服务产品生产率的提升与服务产品质量的提高，论文分别从中国与经济合作发展组织（OECD）国家和中国与印度的比较研究中阐述创新产品出口扩张，优化服务贸易结构，提升贸易竞争力的机理。服务贸易的发展水平越来越成为衡量一国贸易国际竞争力的重要指标，受到世界各国的重视。以OECD国家为代表的世界服务贸易结构正在向以知识技术密集型为基础的现代服务贸易转变，而中国以自然资源或劳动密集型为基础的传统服务贸易比重却在不断上升。中国服务贸易在世界上的总体影响力较强，但印度服务贸易竞争力的改善更为显著。在服务贸易结构优化升级方面，印度表现出一定的领先性，在传统劳动密集型行业和一些新兴行业上都具有一定的竞争优势。
　　对中国服务创新分析发现，从各国服务业R&D投入水平比较，服务业R&D投入占总R&D投入的比值，服务业R&D投入内部行业构成，服务业研发新产品占总销售额比例等指标来看，中国的服务业研发投人较少而且研发转化效率不高，服务企业在利用研发技术方面的竞争力还不强。从资本、劳动力、市场化、技术进步四因素对我国服务业增长的贡献来看，虽然资源配置效率改进对服务业增长有比较大的推动作用，但是目前我国服务业增长主要还是依靠资本和劳动投入数量的增加。从各因素对中国不同地区服务业增长的贡献来看，技术进步对东部地区服务业增长的贡献率在四个地区之中是最高，某种程度上反映了东部地区服务业内部结构的高级化趋势。市场化程度低、市场行政垄断严重、企业间合作关联缺乏、服务企业融资困难、服务创新政策环境建设落后等因素阻碍着服务业创新发展，需要继续推进市场化和社会化改革，推进服务创新的政策环境建设。

关键词：服务业创新驱动机理贸易结构障碍因素

Title: Research on Service Innovation
Major: Enterprises Management
Name: Yang Guang
Supervisor: Prof. Li Jiangfan

Abstract

As the world economy reaches a certain stage, the proportion of tertiary industry will increase rapidly as the main components of the national economy. That time the country's innovation activities will mainly come from the service sector and the national competitiveness will also mainly come from the services sector through its global market competitiveness by innovating. Therefore, developed countries are actively seeking innovative policies to improve productivity of service industries so as to maintain sustained economic growth. Managers of service enterprises are also seeking to promote the rapid development of enterprises and maintain business strategies for long-term competitive advantage. Against this context, the foreign countries carried out extensive research work on service innovation, and gradually formed a relatively complete theoretical system. At the same time, the Chinese people’s rising levels of social demand and increased international competition is demanding higher innovation and development of China's service industry, but the current research on domestic service innovation is mainly to track theories abroad.

Based on this, this dissertation seeks to system theory of service innovation, and main answer the following questions: (1) what are service innovation characteristics and mode? What types of service innovation? How to measure service innovation, how the applicability of innovation measurement in the service? (2) What is the mechanism of service innovation? How to distinguish between the drivers of service innovation and other factors? (3) What is the relationship between service innovation and market expansion? (4) What is the innovation situation of China's service industry, obstacles, and problem?

The emergence of service innovation theory in fact is a thinking mode transformation movement; its essence is one kind reactionary and critique on the traditional manufacturing industry innovation research model. Based on the introduction of the three research approaches to service innovation, this dissertation reviews the overseas scholars’ points about the concept, pattern and investigation of service innovation. Then This dissertation use theoretical and empirical analysis, clarify a pattern of the service sector innovation, and further explore the mechanism of service innovation ,and investigate the effect of the drivers of service innovation .and more ,is how service innovation promote the market expansion. Finally, I study China's service Industry status and barriers to innovation and recommendations accordingly.

The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
The innovation models of manufacturing services vary greatly, service innovation is different from the traditional manufacture, both form and content are much richer than manufacture innovation with a more complex process of technological innovation, contains a wealth of internal and external interactions. Innovative service enterprises are usually not an orderly process, including real-time nature of many ideas to meet specific customer needs, thus missing the accumulation of knowledge to rely on to build innovative organizational model of the system. Its product’s non-physical nature determines their output is more abstract than the manufacture sector; the index measuring service innovation can be very subjective and arbitrary.

Research on service innovation-driven mechanism showed that: using the product innovation and process innovation indicators to measure, the manufacturing sector has a high innovation rate. The two sector’s innovation activities increase with expansion of business scale .And in various service industries, financial intermediation industry has the highest rate of innovation, even higher than the manufacturing sector. And using organization innovation and marketing innovation to measure, service firms have higher innovation rates.

Research on relationship between services innovation and market expansion from the perspective of trade showed that: service product innovation promote productivity enhancing and improving the quality of service. A comparative study between China and OECD countries and China and India outlined the mechanism of service innovation promote service export expansion, optimization services trade structure, enhance the trade competitiveness. The proportion of modern service trade which are technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive has been on the rise in OECD countries, but it is reverse for China. This paper makes a comprehensive comparison on the structure of service trade between China and OECD countries, the result shows that t the current changes in the structure of China’s service trade are only temporally, the evolution trend of trade structure have internal consistency between China and OECD countries. The study shows that China's service trade has a stronger impact in the world. Nevertheless, the competitiveness of India's service trade has a more significant improvement. And more, India makes a leading show in structure optimization and upgrading of service trade, for India's certain competitive advantage in the traditional labor-intensive industries and some new businesses.

Research on China's service innovation showed that, from the comparison between national R & D investment level and the total services sector , structure of services R & D investment within the industry, new products of service development, China's service sector innovation ability is low and inefficiency. From the capital, labor, market, technological advances four factor’s contribution to the growth of China's service terms, while resource allocation efficiency of the service have relatively large role in promoting service industry growth , service sector growth in China mainly come from labor and capital input. From the study on different parts and different factors on service sector growth of China's contribution, technological advances in the eastern region has a higher rate of contribution among the four regions, to some extent reflects the internal structure upgrading of the eastern region services trend. And finally, this dissertation studies barriers to service innovation in China which includes high proportion of state-owned enterprises in service sectors，administrative monopoly，lack of cooperation among enterprises，innovation uncertainty and backward innovation environmental construction. According to these，it puts forward some suggestions for overcoming these barriers of service innovation.

Keywords: services innovation drive mechanism trade structure barriers

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杨广博士论文：服务业创新研究